Hydraulic turbine



Patented May 17, 1927.

ATES

entree ait? ARNOLD PFEU, or MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, sswnoia 'IO A Lrs o-HAIi-MERs-M-Anu- FACTURING CO PANY, or MILWAUKEE, wzsootv'sm, A. ooRPoRATIoN' or DELA- WARE;

HYDriAuLIo TURBINE.

Application filed March 31, 19a. serial No. 548,543.

This invention relates in general to iniproven'i'ents' in the artof hydraulics, and re late's niorc s1 ecii'ically to ii'i'iproveine'nts in the construction and operation of hydraulic turbines and the) like.

An object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic turbine which is simple in construction and eilicient in operation. Another object of the invention is to provide simple and compact means for preventing distortion of the casings of hydraulic inaehines Whichare operable under high pressures, A further object of the invention is to provide a direct and rigid cross connection between separated easingportions of hydraulic turbines, which may be subjected to v relatively high fluid pressures; These arid other objects and advantages of the present inventioi'iwill be apparent from the accompanying specification. v

A; clear conception of several enibodr' ments of the invention and of the operation of devices constructed in accordance therewith, may he had by referring to the drawmg accompanying and toriiiing apart of this specification, in which like reierence characters" designate the same or similar parts in the several views.

Fg. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through a hydraulic turbine of the inward flovv type.

Fig. is an enlarged fragmentary sectiomu view through the turbine inlet mechanis' n.

Fig'. 3 is an enlarged fragn'ieiitary sectional view' through another forni'ot turbine inlet mechanism.

Fig. i is an enlarged fragmentary seetiohal viexv shoiving the guide vane bearing Stiaicture and stay bolt.

I The hydraulic turbine illustrated in Fig. l 'coinpri's'es'in general an inward fiovv Fran cis-turhine rotor 2 secured to a horizontal shait supported in bearings 19, 20, and enclosed Within a casing comprising opposite side portions 8, 9, a speed ring 6, and a spiral inlet casing portion. The spiral inlet casing portion forms a high pressure fluid supply conduit 4 which communicates with the rotor 2 through the annular speed ring 6' and through the annular space between the easi'i'i'g'side' portion's 8i,v9. Thetur bi'rie rotate eor'n'rnui'iicate's with a'diseharge space 5 which in turn communicates with the holloiv. stem 1 the ta'il-race',tl1rougl1 a draft tube, in the usual manner. 7

The turbine inlet gate mechanism illustrated specifically in Figs. 2 and 4, cornprises an annular se'ries ot adjustable guide vanes? having integral .or rigidly connected hollow pivot stems l0. In the form of gate rigging shown Figs. 1, 2 and t, the side casing portion 9. is provided with a series of laterally and outwardly extending ears 15 each of \vhioh supports a hearing. 18 spaced laterally froni its supporting easing portion 9 and coo berating with an end of l)'. "The side casing por tion 8 is likeivise provided ivith a series of laterally and outwardly eitend ing ears 16' each otvvhich has'a bearing. I8 spaced laterally, froi'n. itsfsu'ppbl-tiiigi casing portion 8 and c operating" With an end of they pivot stein I0 1 The casing portions, 8,- 9 are provided withstli'flingboife's 1'3 adjacentto the stems 10', the bearings 18' heingsp'aced from the casing p0rtio1'1s8, 9', sutficie'ntl'y to permit removal and insertion;.of thestufliiig boxes 13. f; guide tanelinanip ulating arm 11 is v rigidly attachedto'ea'ch of the stenis lO adjac'e'nt to the, hearing 18 supported-in the ad: jacent en 16-. .A stayf 12 passes through the hollow stein. L0 or? each guide vane 7 and is provided with opposite. threaded ends adapted to receivenuts 14 eoacti ng-fivit h sta'y plates 17 irhieli'in turn coaet ivith the cars 15, 16. The stay plates 17 do not bear against the stems 10, as clearly shownin ism 4.,

in as rel-m of gate eg -tea illustrated in Fig. 3, the 25,-2Gfornied on the easing side portions 9 8 respectively, project laterally and inwardly toward the axis of the tiirbineirath er than outivardly as" illus tiated' in Fig. Irrth'is embodiment"ofthe invention, the ears 26'. may. be'. providediri th openings through avhiclrthe vane adjusting arms 11 eizt'end', or the arms 11' may. be directed inwardly thereby avoiding necessity of providing the holes'in' th' e' earszt.

; Duringj nor l op"ratio'nof the turbine, fluid under high pressure is delivered fear the inletfor supply chamber 4 through the speedy ring 6l, to thespaeeis btween the a(lv justahle guide vanes 7. The guide vanes] deliver the fluidagainst the vanes" of the rotor-2 xvhereirl' iier ypf ilui'd i's conve r'td' nab tet a in the rbtat ingsha'ft 3.

The fluid delivered from the rotor 2 passes through the discharge chamber 5 and the draft tube, to the tail-race. lhe quantity of fluid admitted to the rotor 2 as well as the It will be noted that as the high pressure fluid passes through the annular space between the side casing portions 8, 9, it tends to separate these casing portions 'and such action is ordinarily resisted only 'by the bolts which fasten the casing portions 8, 9 to the speed ring 6. By applying the stay bolts 12, within the adjusting stem 10 in addition to the fastening between the casing portions 8, 9 and the speed ring 6, a more direct and an additional union between the side casing portions'S, 9, is obtained. This direct union does not, however, interfere witlreliicient manipulation oft-he vanes 7 or with proper packing of the-openings'in the casing portions 8, 9, The stuffing boxes 13 enable such proper packing and prevent-:undesirable escape of fluid, these stufiing boxesbeing readily accessible and manipulable from of the turbine casing. The'stay bolts 12 moreover provide rigid supp orts or bearings for the adjusting stems 10 and prevent pos' sibilityof excessive distortion of these stems. As the stems 10 are subjected mainly to torsional strains, the openings'through these stems do not materially weaken them. The stay bolts l2'are also readily removable at any time without interfering with the normal operation of the turbine, if such removal becomes desirable.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact details of construction and of operation herein shown and described, for various modifications within the scope of the claims may occur to persons skilled in the art.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Let-- ters Patent:

1. In a turbine, a movable guide vane, a movable stem supporting said vane, and a stationary stay bolt longitudinally penetrating said movable stem, said stem functioning to support said vane independently of said stay bolt.

2. In a turbine, aguide vane, a hollow stem supporting said guide vane, means associated with said stem for adjusting said guide vane, and a stay bolt extending through said vane adjusting meansand'said stem, said stay bolt being free from contact with said stem. I

3. In a turbine, a casing comprislng spacedstationary portions, a guide vane l0-' through which th'stems 10 pass.

the exterior said stem to adjust said guide vane, and a stationary member passing through said stem and rigidly uniting said caslng portions.

4c. In a hydraulic turbine, a rotor, at source of high pressure fluid supply, a movable guide vane between said source and said rotor, a"casingcomprising independent portions located on opposite sides of said guide vane, means for pivotally supporting said guide vane in said casing,'and a tension member passing freely through said guide vane and rigidly uniting the portions of said casing on opposite sides of said vane.

5. Ina hydraulic turbine, a casing forming a conduit, a guide vane in said conduit,

said casing having ears extending away from 953 and located on opposite sides of said guide vane, means coacting with said ears to pivota'lly support said guide vane, and means coacting with said casing and with said pivotalsupport-ing means to prevent escape of fiuid'from said casing, said escape preventing means being located between said ears andsaid guide vane.

'6. Ina hydraulic turbine, a rotor, a guide vane for conducting fluid to said rotor, a casing'coinprising independent portions locatedon opposite sides of said guide vane and of said rotor, each of said casing portions havinga bearing spaced outwardly therefrom, pivots for said vane coacting with said bearings, stuffing boxes for preventingescape of fluid along said pivots, and means between one of said bearings and the adjacent casing portion for adjusting said guide vane.

7. In a hydraulic machine, a rotor, a casing" forming a conduit communicating with said rotor, an adjustable guide vane for controlling the flow of fluid through said conduit, a pivot supporting said vane, and an element extending through said pivot and acting independently thereof for rigidly uniting portions of said casing on opposite sides of said vane.

8. In a hydraulic machine, a casing com prising spaced portions, a guide vane located within said casing, a hollow stem forming a support for said guide vane, means for movingsaid stem to adjust said vane, and a member passing through said stem and rigidly uniting said casing portions.

9. In a hydraulic turbine, a casing forming a conduit, a guide vane in said conduit, a pivot for said vane, mechanism for moving said 'vane through said pivot, and means acting independently of said pivot for directly connecting the portions of said casing on opposite sides of said conduit.

' 1 0, In a hydraulic turbine, a casing forming a conduit,a guide vane in said cgnduit,

apivot supporting said vane and projecting outwardly beyond said casing, mechanism located outside of said casing for moving said vane through said pivot, and means located within said pivot for connecting the portions of said casingon opposite sides of said conduit.

11. The combination with a casing of a hydraulic turbine including oppositely dis posed side plates, of a wicket gate having trunnions projecting from the ends thereof and rotatably seated in said plates, the gate and trunnions having alined bores there through, and a pin loosely inserted through the gate and trunnion bores and fixed to the plates.

12. A hydraulic turbine comprising oppositely disposed side plates having sockets therein, a Wicket gate having trunnions movably extending into the said sockets, renewable bushings mounted in the sockets around the trunnions, and a pin loosely extending through the gate and trunnions and fixed at its opposite extremities to the plates.

13. A Wicket gate for a hydraulic turbine having trunnions projecting from the opposite ends thereof, the trunnions and gate having alined bores therethrough, combined with a fixed axis device extending through the trunnions and gate on which the latter have pivotal movement.

14. A hydraulic turbine casing having gate supporting members, a Wicket gate having trunnions at opposite ends movably extending into portions of the members, and a pin loosely extending through the trunnions and gate and secured to said men'lbers and enclosed and shielded from Water contact. V

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is aflixed hereto.

ARNOLD PFAU. 

